Air Quality Case Studies Report. (Status: completed, Completed: 1994)
Performer(s):
Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-95-034 DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-9422, NTIS No. PB96112792.
Abstract
This report examines the response by metropolitan areas to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs) and the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) as they relate to the process for establishing conformity of transportation improvement programs and plans. Cases studied in this report include the processes employed by Denver, Raleigh-Durham, Philadelphia, and Washington nonattainment areas and their focus on travel demand and air quality modeling. Also covered is information on demographic and economic issues and the estimated cost for determining conformity.
For more information:
Joon Byun, U.S. DOT, FHWA, RC; 10 S. Howard St., Suite 4000, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-962-0077 x2049; Fax: 410-962-3655; Email: Joon.byun@fhwa.dot.gov.

A Behavioral Analysis of EPA's MOBILE Emission Factor Model. (Status: completed, Completed: 1998)
Performer(s):
Resources for the Future
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-2204; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-98-043, NTIS No. PB99119612.
Abstract
This report provides a review and assessment of several important aspects of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) MOBILE emissions factor model, which is used for estimating emissions factors for mobile source inventories. Inventory models like MOBILE have many uses, but the focus of this research is on possible improvements for input data used in quantifying emissions related to certain inspection and maintenance programs. The report assesses the MOBILE model's strengths and weaknesses toward accounting for driver behavior in relation to inspection and maintenance programs, and how future improvements to the MOBILE emissions factor model may assist toward improving future estimates of program effectiveness for policy and decisionmaking purposes.
For more information:
Joon Byun, U.S. DOT, FHWA, RC; 10 S. Howard St., Suite 4000, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-962-0077 x3049; Fax: 410-962-3655; Email: Joon.byun@fhwa.dot.gov.

Bibliography of Fuel Consumption Models as a Factor of Speed or Acceleration. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE), NC State Univ.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
Abstract
Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) performed a literature review for FHWA on fuel consumption models as a factor of speed or acceleration. Nearly 50 research papers, conference proceedings, and articles are summarized for the years 1985 - 1996. The CTE used five databases for purposes of searching relevant topics covered under this subject.

Clean Air Briefs. (Status: completed, Completed: 1994)
Performer(s):
National Association of Regional Councils (NARC)
Sponsor(s):
U.S. Dept. of Transportation (U.S. DOT); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)
To order:
Patsy Chappelear. Washington, DC 20006. Tel: 202-457-0710 ext 11; Fax: 202-296-9352;
Abstract
The National Association of Regional Councils (NARC) is a nonprofit, membership organization serving the Nation's regional councils and Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) across the country, with affiliate and associate membership from other public and private organizations interested in planning, development, and governance at the regional level. The Clean Air Briefs are a series of public information documents to better inform state and local planning officials of the issues related to transportation conformity, transportation control measures, the implications of highway sanctions and other health risk issues. The Clean Air Briefs are intended to give MPO public officials clear-cut information about some very complex issues, while using basic terminology for laypersons involved in the transportation/air quality planning processes.
For more information:
National Assoc. of Regional Councils (NARC); 1700 K St., NW., Suite 1300, Washington, DC

Clean Air Through Transportation: Challenges in Meeting National Air Quality Standards. (Status: completed, Completed: Aug. 1993)
Performer(s):
U.S. Dept. of Transportation (U.S. DOT)
Sponsor(s):
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA); FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEP-40, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
NTIS No. PB95230397.
Abstract
A joint report of the U.S. DOT and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) that discusses the transportation provisions and regulations governing the Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1990. It discusses under the section titled, "Challenges in Transportation and Air Quality Programs," the difficulties and obstacles facing persons within the transportation industry in meeting air quality goals. Topics include: MPOs Face Significant Challenges in Meeting New CAA Requirements; Reducing Vehicle Emissions Through TCMs is Difficult; By Themselves, Capital-Intensive Investments May Not Be the Best Way to Address Air Quality Concerns, and others. One section discusses "Status of Programs."

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CMAQ Information Kiosk. (Status: completed, Completed: 1998)
Performer(s):
FHWA
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
Abstract
This project developed an interactive CD-ROM display for the purpose of illustrating successful Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) projects and programs. The information kiosk will be sent by FHWA to future environmental conferences held in the United States that focus on air quality and transportation improvements. Several CMAQ-funded projects will be highlighted through video clips, photos, interviews, and documentation provided as part of the CMAQ interactive kiosk display. Since its completion, the kiosk continues to function as an outreach tool.
For more information:
Michael Savonis, U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10; 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-2080; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Michael.savonis@fhwa.dot.gov

Conformity and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Background and Case Studies. (Status: completed, Completed: 1994)
Performer(s):
FHWA
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-96-017R,
Abstract
This paper was developed to advise field staff and others involved in nitrogen oxide (NOx) modeling. The first part of the paper is a memo discussing the background factors affecting NOx pollution levels including such variables as vehicle speed and percentage of diesel vehicles in traffic. The second part describes certain modeling actions that can be taken to more accurately estimate the NOx levels based on the experience gained in efforts with various State DOTs and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs).
For more information:
Joon Byun, U.S. DOT, FHWA, RC; 10 S. Howard St., Suite 4000, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-962-0077 x3049; Fax: 420-962-3655; Email: Joon.byun@fhwa.dot.gov.

Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program--Indirect Benefits. (Status: completed, Completed: 1996)
Performer(s):
Louis Berger and Assoc., Inc.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-97-045 HEP-40/5-97(20M)E,
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to better understand and document the indirect benefits that could be attributed to the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) program. An extensive search effort was launched to seek information and evidence of CMAQ's benefits to detail insight as the indirect benefits metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and other stakeholders have experienced from the CMAQ program; how CMAQ affected strategic planning processes; examples of specific projects; and quantification of benefits.
For more information:
Daniel Wheeler, U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10; 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Daniel.wheeler@fhwa.dot.gov.

Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program Review. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
FHWA, Office of Environment and Planning
Sponsor(s):
FHWA; Research and Sponsored Programs Admin. (RSPA), U.S. Dept. of Transportation (U.S. DOT)
To order:
Noreen Bowles. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9173; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Environment@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. DOT-T-97-14, NTIS No. PB97165559.
Abstract
Summary of a national review of the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program performed by FHWA and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) that was begun in May 1994. The findings of the report suggest that metropolitan areas are beginning to realize the full potential of the CMAQ program and are improving obligation rates as a result of increased familiarity with the program. Enhanced coordination mechanisms and technical tools have facilitated the programming of CMAQ funds. State and local officials have found the CMAQ program to be very flexible with nearly half of the funding made available for transit improvements. The program review also found that State and local planners are attempting to restructure their planning processes to allow for greater decentralization and increased public participation.

Cost Effectiveness of Transportation Control Measures by CMAQ Category. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE), NC State Univ.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
Abstract
A literature review that covers a wide range of sources that summarize emissions benefits and the cost effectiveness of transportation control measures (TCMs) identified within the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and funded under DOT's Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) program. The review focused on identifying projects that have already been proposed or implemented.

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Costs and Effectiveness of Transportation Control Measures (TCMs): A Review and Analysis of the Literature. (Status: completed, Completed: 1994)
Performer(s):
Apogee Research, Inc.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Abstract
The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs) and Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) (1991) require the use of transportation control measures (TCMs) for the purpose of conforming to State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and achieving the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This document provides an overview of some real-life experiences with TCMs implementation and the potential of TCMs to reduce the emissions from mobile sources. The emission reduction potential of TCMs is divided into strong, weak, and speculative scenarios for the purposes of this study.

The report analyzes TCMs only in context of their effectiveness and cost effectiveness with regard to reduction of emissions and is intended to provide valuable information on clean air effects of a variety of transportation measures.
For more information:
U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1; 400 Seventh St., SW., Email: Daniel.wheeler@fhwa.dot.gov.

Data Aggregation Issues in the Application of the MOBILE Emissions Model. (Status: completed, Completed: 1994)
Performer(s):
Cambridge Systematics, Inc.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-95-033 DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-94-20, NTIS No. PB96112750.
Abstract
This report discusses several technical issues relating to spatial and temporal data aggregation and collection and its use in emission estimation. Topics such as whether vehicle emissions should be calculated on a link, corridor, or other basis and whether emissions should be estimated on an hourly, peak period, or daily basis, are discussed. The effects resulting from the use of one method versus another are outlined. Other factors contributing to these issues are also examined.
For more information:
Joon Byun, U.S. DOT, FHWA, RC; 10 S. Howard St., Suite 4000, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-962-0077 x3049; Fax: 410-962-3655; Email: Joon.byun@fhwa.dot.gov.

DOT/EPA Transportation and Air Quality Public Information Initiative: Pilot Tests and National Coalition Development [FHWA ERP Report title: Air Quality Public Outreach/Education]. (Status: completed, Completed: Oct. 1998)
Performer(s):
Equals Three Communications
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEP-40, 400 Seventh St., SW., Email: Kathleen.daniel@fhwa.dot.gov;
Abstract
In response to requests from State and local government officials, U.S. DOT and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) are collaborating on a public information initiative aimed at enhancing public involvement in voluntary behavior changes that reduce congestion and improve air quality, which are goals under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) and the Clean Air Act (CAA). One of the main focuses of the project is to build national and local coalitions of public and private organizations geared toward changing attitudes and behaviors related to transportation and air quality. The initiative seeks to improve current programs and develop a community-based effort by bringing private-sector resources to support public outreach efforts. The four components of the initiative are pilot tests, coalition building, outreach, and evaluation of the program. Creative materials were tested in three pilot cities: Dover, Delaware; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and San Francisco, California. These materials included radio, TV, and print advertisements which encouraged people to maintain their cars in good condition, link their automobile trips, and use alternative modes of transportation. In addition, pilot sites were given technical assistance and limited funding for local public outreach initiatives. The summary report, which was released February 24, 1999, describes the lessons learned and evaluates the results of pre- and post-campaign telephone surveys conducted in each city. Fourteen cities were chosen to be demonstration communities based on a number of criteria, including their ability to support transportation choices that lead to congestion mitigation and improved air quality over the long term. The U.S. DOT and the U.S. EPA facilitated the formation of the "Alliance for Clean Air and Transportation" to unite private and public organizations to carry on these same goals.
For more information:
Kathy Daniel, U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEP-40; 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6276; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Kathleen.daniel@fhwa.dot.gov.

Effects of Mobile Source Emissions on Health and Property. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE), NC State Univ.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
Abstract
Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) performed a literature review on the effects of mobile source emissions on health and property. The review provides nearly 80 resources on the impacts on health, occupational health, and property impacts. The CTE found that literature related to impacts to property from mobile source emissions was extremely limited.

Estimating Emissions Reductions from Vehicle Retirement Programs. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Kevin N. Black. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9485; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Kevin.N.Black@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-97-011 DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-97-4, NTIS No. PB97153795.
Abstract
It assesses the effectiveness of vehicle retirement programs in reducing transportation emissions. The impact of eliminating cars and light trucks over 20 years old was analyzed using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) MOBILE 5a emission model. An emission reduction potential of less than 5% was identified. While this reduction is large compared to most transportation control strategies, it is small compared to other actions such as inspection and maintenance or the use of reformulated fuels. Significant variations in results occur if local rather than National default age and use data are used. Finally, the emission rates from older vehicles used in the Mobil model appear to be understated in the Mobil Model when compared to other studies of older vehicles.

Evaluation of the MOBILE Vehicle Emission Model. (Status: completed, Completed: 1994)
Performer(s):
Sierra Research, Inc.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-94-038 DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-94-8, NTIS No. PB95170239.
Abstract
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) MOBILE5 model is used to estimate emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE5 represents the fifth version of this program which has undergone continuous revision in attempts to estimate mobile source emission trends since its development in the late 1970s. Modifications have been made to the MOBILE model structure in attempts to account for technical and policy changes including inspection and maintenance (I&M) programs, reformulated gasoline and oxyfuel programs, and other initiatives. Comparisons are made between the assumptions used in MOBILE5, MOBILE4.1, MOBILE 4, and emission rate projections.
For more information:
Kevin N. Black, U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10; 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9485; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Kevin.n.black@fhwa.dot.gov.

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Induced Demand: Traffic Diversion vs. Generation and Related Issues. (Status: completed, Completed: 1996)
Performer(s):
Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE), NC State Univ.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
Abstract
Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) performed a literature review on induced travel demand in September 1996. Abstracts from approximately 50 research articles from the U.S. and abroad are included in this report. Special Report 245--Expanding Metropolitan Highways: Implications for Air Quality and Energy Use"--published by the Transportation Research Board in 1995 is also cited as an important resource document.

Innovations in Transportation and Air Quality--Twelve Exemplary Projects. (Status: completed, Completed: 1996)
Performer(s):
Federal Transit Admin. (FTA)
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-96-016, NTIS No. PB96183280.
Abstract
The booklet describes 12 exemplary projects funded under the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program, through its "flexible funding" program of transferring a greater percentage of funds to transit improvements. These projects were showcased to stimulate further innovation and creativity in addressing air quality problems through transportation measures. A diverse group of projects are described, ranging from intermodal connections to freight and goods movement to parking management, and pedestrian access. While the projects deal with different transportation issues, they all yield air quality and other benefits, such as congestion relief, economic development, energy conservation, etc. Contact persons are listed for further information in the highlighted projects.
For more information:
Michael Savonis, U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10; 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-2080; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Michael.savonis@fhwa.dot.gov.

Intelligent Transportation Systems Impact on the Environment. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE), NC State Univ.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
Abstract
The Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) at North Carolina State University performed a literature review for FHWA on intelligent transportation systems and their impact on the environment. Approximately 50 journal articles are summarized in the form of abstracts. Two articles include discussion of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) -related services that were used during the Olympic Games in Atlanta, GA, in 1996. Most of the assessments related to ITS impacts on reductions of criteria pollutants were found to be very preliminary as the current state of practice for modeling is not sufficient to quantitatively assess the effects of traffic flow smoothing, a common effect among ITS technologies.

Interagency Consultation: The Key Toward Collaborative State and Local Decisionmaking in the Conformity Process. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
FHWA
Sponsor(s):
FHWA; Research and Sponsored Programs Admin. (RSPA), U.S. Dept. of Transportation (U.S. DOT)
To order:
Noreen Bowles. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9173; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Environment@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. DOT-T-97-11, NTIS No. PB97158083.
Abstract
Based upon a review of interagency consultation processes from across the Nation, the FHWA has compiled successful examples of State and local agencies and their efforts to improve the transportation conformity process. A total of 34 States have been included in this review, and successful examples are outlined in table format within the report. Findings of this report suggest that interagency consultation, if performed early in the metropolitan planning process, may assist toward better State and local decisionmaking at the regional level. The establishment of emissions budgets through the Statewide Implementation Plan (SIP) process needs to include the transportation sector to ensure that future conformity issues are not raised at the last minute during metropolitan planning and transportation improvement program development and updates.

Literature Review on Vehicle Emissions Models. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE), NC State Univ.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
Abstract
The Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) performed a literature review on vehicle emissions models. The review covers both U.S. and international research on this topic, with a total of 40 abstracts, including journal articles and summary proceedings from 1987 to 1997. Computer model evaluations and on-board emission diagnostic tests performed by researchers are also presented.

A Manual of Regional Transportation Modeling Practice for Air Quality Analysis (Version 1.0). (Status: completed, Completed: 1993)
Performer(s):
National Association of Regional Councils (NARC)
Sponsor(s):
National Association of Regional Councils (NARC)
To order:
Sylvia Bryant. National Assoc. of Regional Councils (NARC), 1700 K St., NW., Suite 1300, Washington, DC 20006. Tel: 202-457-0710, ext 18; Fax: 202-296-9352; Email: Sylvia@narc.org;
Abstract
The manual was developed under the auspices of the Clean Air Project of the National Association of Regional Councils (NARC). A conference was held in Crystal City, Virginia in November of 1991, and nearly 100 regional, State, and Federal transportation planning officials attended. This conference provided the opportunity for participants to set the direction for the development of the manual. The manual was developed for the purpose of providing guidance on CAA issues to consider in responding to new regional analysis needs, and especially for carrying out transportation modeling for air quality planning efforts. The manual reviews the current state of practice today and focuses primarily on travel demand forecasting as it is practiced by regional agencies- MPOs. It identifies and discusses modeling and analysis requirements resulting from the CAA and ISTEA, and suggests strategies for responding to specific analysis needs and for overcoming common problems. Further research needs are identified within the manual for purposes of research and development.

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Metropolitan Model Deployment Initiative (MMDI) Energy and Emissions Evaluation. (Status: ongoing, Completed: 1999)
Performer(s):
Science Applications International Corp. (SAIC)
Sponsor(s):
FHWA; FHWA, ITSJPO/HVH-1
Abstract
The Environmental Analysis Division (HEP-40) provides technical assistance to the Joint Program Offices for the energy and emissions evaluation of MMDI at four sites. Research funds, supplemental to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) funds, are used to assist in the development and implementation of the evaluation.
For more information:
Cecilia Ho, U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEP-40; 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9862; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Cecilia.ho@fhwa.dot.gov

The MOBILE Model and Transportation Planning: A Brief Overview. (Status: completed, Completed: 1995)
Performer(s):
Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Kevin N. Black. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9485; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Kevin.n.black@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-95 DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-95-7, NTIS No. PB96144233.
Abstract
This is a simplified summary of the MOBILE model and how it is used in transportation planning. The booklet was developed for distribution to nontechnical audiences that work with the transportation field and use the results of the MOBILE model.

The New Politics of Clean Air and Transportation. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Kevin N. Black. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9485; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Kevin.N.Black@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-97-010 DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-97-5, NTIS No. PB97153803.
Abstract
This report documents research performed by the John F. Kennedy School of Government to describe the early experiences at the State and local levels in implementing the transportation provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 and the air quality provisions of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991. Some issues addressed in this document include the organizational capacity for implementing Federal clean air mandates, creating State and regional policy making arenas to assess and choose options, the air quality impact of transportation actions taken, and obtaining public consent for the adopted policies.

An Overview of the PM-10 Base Year Emissions Inventories. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Kevin N. Black. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9485; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Kevin.N.Black@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-98-002 DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-97-3, NTIS No. PB98128820.
Abstract
The report discusses requirements for the content of small particulate matter (PM-10) State Implementation Plans (SIPs). It includes information from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) PM-10 guidance document and the contents of several 1990 Base Year PM-10 SIPs from cities throughout the country. In addition, topics covering emission estimation methods, PM-10 modeling, and PM-10 control measures are described.

Ozone Trends in Severe and Serious Non-Attainment Areas. (Status: completed, Completed: 1994)
Performer(s):
Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-964,
Abstract
This report examines the ozone emission trends in 20 areas classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as either serious or severe for nonattainment of the ozone standard over the years 1980-1993. Trends were evaluated to determine their statistical significance and to compare the magnitude and direction of the trends on an urban, regional, and national basis. In performing the analysis, several factors were considered including meteorology, geographic variations, and effects of economic growth.
For more information:
Joon Byun, U.S. DOT, FHWA, RC; 10 S. Howard St., Suite 4000, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-962-0077 x3049; Fax: 410-962-3655; Email: joon.byun@fhwa.dot.gov

Qualitative Assessment of IVHS Emission and Air Quality Impacts. (Status: completed, Completed: 1993)
Performer(s):
Jack Faucett Assoc.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-93-4,
Abstract
This report describes Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS) program contributions to air quality. It outlines the current debate on the role of IVHS in reducing congestion in light of the argument that increasing capacity will induce more travel and offset any gains made in reducing traffic congestion and emissions. The report also discusses strategies designed to reduce emissions by encouraging mode shifts and plans designed to reduce pollution, such as inspection and maintenance programs.
For more information:
Joon Byun, U.S. DOT, FHWA, RC; 10 S. Howard St., Suite 4000, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-962-0077 x3049; Fax: 410-962-3655; Email: Joon.byun@fhwa.dot.gov.

Quantification of Emission Reduction Impacts of Seasonal and Episodic Public Education Programs. (Status: ongoing, Completed: 2000)
Performer(s):
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)
Sponsor(s):
California Air Resources Board (CARB); FHWA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)
To order:
URL: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/terp.
Abstract
The cooperative agreement with California Air Resources Board (CARB) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) seeks to gather the necessary information to develop the emission reduction quantification guidelines for episodic and seasonal education programs. The research also will result in development of cost-effective methodologies to evaluate such programs which have been endorsed by both U.S. EPA and U.S. DOT. The project will provide sets of quantification methodologies, using both state-of-the-art tools and less costly approaches, to local jurisdictions involved in such programs. Development of such standard quantification techniques should remove the need for State and local governments to design their own unique frequently costly methods for each program.
For more information:
Mike Koontz, U.S. DOT, FHWA; 10 S. Howard St., Suite 4000, Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 410-962-2362; Fax: 410-962-3655; Email: Michael.koontz@fhwa.dot.gov.

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Review of Procedures for Estimating On-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventories for 1990 Base Year SIPs. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Kevin N. Black. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9485; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Kevin.N.Black@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-98-003 DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-97-2, NTIS No. PB98128838.
Abstract
This report supports the implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs) by providing information for preparing the On-Road Mobile Source section of emission inventories. It examines the current practices used by State environmental and transportation agencies, regional transportation committees, and metropolitan planning organizations in developing on-road mobile emission inventories for 33 nonattainment areas. Some innovative practices are also reviewed.

The Role of Motor Vehicle Emission Controls in State Implementation Plans. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Kevin N. Black. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9485; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Kevin.N.Black@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-98-001 DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-97-7, NTIS No. PB98128812.
Abstract
This report examines the ozone emission trends in 20 areas classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as either serious or severe for nonattainment of the ozone standard over the years 1980-1993. Trends were evaluated to determine their statistical significance and to compare the magnitude and direction of the trends on an urban, regional, and national basis. In performing the analysis, several factors were considered, including meteorology, geographic variations, and effects of economic growth.

A Sensitivity Evaluation of CAL3QHC Dispersion Model for Carbon Monoxide Analysis at Urban Intersections. (Status: completed, Completed: 1994)
Performer(s):
FHWA
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Abstract
This paper was developed to evaluate the implications of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) proposed improvements to the current CAL3QHC model used to determine emission concentrations at intersections. It evaluates several variables used in the program by performing statistical analyses to define the variables having the strongest correlations in influencing the emission concentrations at intersections.

Strategic Analysis of Regional Air Quality Options (Phase I). (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Apogee/Hagler Bailly Services, Inc.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Abstract
Phase I of this research effort is geared toward analysis of national air quality trends within selected metropolitan planning areas. Emphasis is placed on ozone, the spational variability in the formation of ozone pollution, and correlation of trends and projections with programs and implementation of technologies required under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs). Phase II is a continuation of this effort.
For more information:
Mike Koontz, U.S. DOT, FHWA, RC; 10 S. Howard St., Suite 4000, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-962-2362; Fax: 410-962-3655; Email: Michael.koontz@fhwa.dot.gov.

Strategic Analysis of Regional Air Quality Options (Phase II). (Status: ongoing, Completed: 1999)
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
Abstract
Phase II of this research effort will examine the emissions profile and specific spatial factors that affect several regions that appear likely to have the most difficulty in reaching and maintaining the national ambient air quality standard for ozone. Phase II will contrast measures that focus on technology versus those measures that focus on driver behavior.
For more information:
Mike Koontz, U.S. DOT, FHWA, RC; 10 S. Howard St., Suite 4000, Baltimore, MD 21201. Tel: 410-962-2362; Fax: 410-962-3655; Email: Michael.koontz@fhwa.dot.gov.

A Summary: Transportation Programs and Provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. (Status: completed, Completed: 1992)
Performer(s):
FHWA
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Adrica.Coates@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-92-023,
Abstract
This brochure provides an overview of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs) and the planning requirements for State Implementation Plan (SIP) development. It discusses the effects of pollution on human health and how transportation planning assists in advancing the clean air goals of the CAAAs. The foldouts of the pamphlets provide colored tables illustrating the necessary planning requirements by severity and pollutant type. The brochure also attempts to provide definitions of the transportation conformity process and how Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) planning relates to the development of SIPs for attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). A listing of regional air quality specialists is provided in the appendix for additional questions or information.

Sustaining the Nation's Efforts to Improve Air Quality Through Integrated Transportation and Air Quality Planning. (Status: completed, Completed: 1999)
Performer(s):
Harvard University
Sponsor(s):
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA); U.S. Dept. of Transportation (U.S. DOT)
Abstract
Two parts: 1) Conformity Pilot Program Development: This effort assisted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the U.S. DOT in developing the concept and design of a conformity pilot program that gives States and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) the opportunity to propose new flexibility in meeting conformity requirements. The U.S. EPA published a Federal Register notice [64 FR 13476) announcing the opportunity to propose new flexibility in meeting the conformity requirements (40 CFR 93). No pilot proposals have been submitted to date. 2) Conformity Assessment Project (CAP)/Phase I: A fifteen-site research project was carried out independently by researchers at Harvard University to analyze the institutional and planning process impacts of the transportation conformity regulations. The study was completed in March 1999. Phase I established baseline information and a historical assessment on how conformity has worked and what effects conformity has had to date on transportation and air quality planning.
For more information:
Lucy Garliauskas, U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPE-1; 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-2068; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Lucy.garliauskas@fhwa.dot.gov.

Transportation Air Quality: Selected Facts and Figures. (Status: completed, Completed: 1996)
To order:
U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Email: Noreen.bowles@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-96-006, NTIS No. PB97110613.
Abstract
This brochure shows the latest travel and emissions trends, and nonattainment areas throughout the Nation. Selected facts and figures include tables and summaries of the health impacts of smog and air pollution, total highway emissions and travel trends, and other interesting facts on transportation and air quality. Various policy responses to reducing criteria pollutants from automobiles are explored, including the CMAQ program--the $6 billion air quality improvement program created under ISTEA. A revision and update of the brochure is expected during fiscal year 1998.

Transportation Air Quality: Selected Facts and Figures (Revision). (Status: completed, Completed: 1999)
Performer(s):
Apogee/Hagler Bailly Services, Inc.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Adrica Coates. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-1, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-6724; Fax: 301-366-3409; Email: Adrica.coates@fhwa.dot.gov.
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-99-015,
Abstract
Revision of the original brochure of the same title, originally published by the FHWA in 1996. Contains more recent travel statistics and health research related to criteria pollutants formed from mobile source emissions. Topics for the general audience include emissions trends, automobile tailpipe standards, criteria pollutants, reformulated fuel standards, and nonattainment area status. Information sources are Federal agencies, including the U.S. DOT and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).

Transportation and Global Climate Change: A Review and Analysis of the Literature. (Status: ongoing, Completed: 1998)
Performer(s):
FHWA
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Rd., Email: Orders@NTIS.fedworld.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. DOTT9703, NTIS No. PB99129132.
Abstract
This preliminary assessment of peer-reviewed literature summarizes key findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the potential implications of global climate change on transportation. Emissions inventories (by mobile source category) of greenhouse gases, possible mitigation strategies related to surface transportation, and the potential health implications of global climate change are presented. The literature review also discusses the latest US global climate change policy efforts to date between 1988 at the first Earth Summit meeting leading up to the signing of the Kyoto Protocol in December 1997. The Appendix provides internet web sites for obtaining relevant global climate change information, reports, and research.
For more information:
Michael Savonis, U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10; 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-2080; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Michael.savonis@fhwa.dot.gov.

VMT Growth and Improved Air Quality: How Long Can Progress Continue?. (Status: completed, Completed: 1997)
Performer(s):
Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Kevin N. Black. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9485; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Kevin.N.Black@fhwa.dot.gov;
Order No.:
Rept. No. FHWA-PD-97-6,
Abstract
The brochure documents the significant improvements in the Nation's air quality that have occurred over the past 20 years and the role of motor vehicles in achieving these improvements. Future motor vehicle emission trends for two cities are then presented, first based on current emission model assumptions and then with the National Low-Emission Vehicle program included. This program is only one of several U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) technological changes being advanced by the U.S. EPA. The analysis shows that technological improvements will likely continue to reduce overall motor vehicle emissions well beyond the 2005 upturn predicted in the current model. Finally, the report documents the declining long term trend in the National vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) growth rate.

White Paper: Methodology for Assessing the Economic Benefits of Projects Funded Under the CMAQ Improvement Program. (Status: completed, Completed: 1998)
Performer(s):
Louis Berger and Assoc., Inc.
Sponsor(s):
FHWA
To order:
Cecilia Ho. U.S. DOT, FHWA, HEPN-10, 400 Seventh St., SW., Washington, DC 20590. Tel: 202-366-9862; Fax: 202-366-3409; Email: Cecilia.ho@fhwa.dot.gov;
Abstract
This paper proposes a methodology for assessing the economic benefits of projects funded under the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program. The economic benefits described herein explicitly do not include the impacts on air quality attributable to the projects, such as reductions in volatile organic compounds, CO, and NOx (direct project benefits). Instead, the potential economic benefits are defined as indirect impacts, such as user benefits and land use and development benefits from CMAQ-funded transportation investments. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential economic benefits which are most likely to be caused by CMAQ-funded projects. This report draws on a wide variety of sources and practices to establish an evaluation methodology.